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Triangle of Wound Assessment

TOWA傷口評估

TOWA = The Assessment of Wound bed + Wound edge + Periwound skin

 

=Wound Bed:

-Size: Length*Width*Depth

-Location

-Vessel? Bone? Muscle (fascia)?

-Tissue type: Necrotic? Sloughy? Granulating? Epithelialising? And the percentage~

*辨別組織的種類,主要是要移除已死亡的組織,讓新組織得以生長

-Exudate amount: Dry? Low? Medium? High?

*變多變少都不好,要找出其原因,並且保持一定的溼度

-Exudate type: Thin/watery? Thick? Cloudy? Purulent (yellow/brown/green)? Pink/red (serosanguinous)?

-Infection (focal): Tenderness? Erythema? Edema? Warmth? Exudate? Delay healing? Bleeding/friable granulation tissue? Malodor? Pocketing?

-Infection (spreading/systemic): Pyrexia (fever up to?)? Abscess? Wound breakdown? Cellulitis? General malaise? Leukocytosis? Lymphangitis?

*感染要找出感染源,給予對應的治療,並且預防進一步感染

 

=Wound Edge:

-Maceration *找出其原因,並選用適當的換藥方式

-Dehydration *找出其原因,可能是體內缺水或換藥不當

-Undermining: at the location of ___ o’clock, extent ___ cm *要清出其中的膿和壞死組織,並且避免進一步擴張

-Rolled edges *過厚的傷口邊緣不利於新生組織,可能是局部的水腫或發炎,找出原因並解決

 

=Periwound Skin:

-All of the below need to measure the size. (Length*Width)

-Maceration

-Excoriation

-Dry skin

-Hyperkeratosis

-Callus *將其移除並且降低局部壓力,以免復發

-Eczema *找出過敏原(通常是膠帶),避免搔抓

 

※人工敷料的正確使用,可以減少換藥的次數,減少傷口對外界的暴露次數,減少感染也節省人力,雖然單價比傳統紗布高,但不一定比較浪費錢,重要的是也讓患者的生活品質較好。

不過!人工敷料是自費,傳統紗布是健保,這就要考量患者的經濟能力了通常傷口很爛的多半都是照顧不好經濟能力也不好的族群

 

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