~Teachingcenter的醫學筆記~

微生物之免疫逃脫

細菌

1. 改變抗原(antigen variation)
2. 抑制補體系統活化
3. 產生抗吞噬物質
   • 細菌莢膜(capsule)
   • 化膿性鏈球菌的M protein
   • 金黃色葡萄球的protein A可以接在IgG的Fc部位
   • 抑制phagolysosome形成(胞內寄生菌)

病毒

1. Antigen variation：流感病毒、鼻病毒、HIV
2. Inhibition of antigen processing
   • Blockade of transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)：HSV
   • Removal of MHC I from endoplasmic reticulum (ER)：CMV
3. Production of cytokine receptor homologues：天花病毒、CMV
4. Production of immunosuppressive cytokine：EBV (製造IL-10類似物)
5. Infection of immunocompetent cells：HIV

寄生蟲

1. Antigen variation：錐鞭毛蟲、瘧原蟲
2. Acquired resistance to complement and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)：血吸蟲
3. Inhibition of host immune responses：絲蟲、錐鞭毛蟲
4. Antigen shedding：阿米巴原蟲