~Teachingcenter的醫學筆記~

細胞激素及其受器(IFN、TNF、CSF、TGF…)
Cytokines and its Receptors (IFN、TNF、CSF、TGF…)

IFN-α

1. Receptor
   • Type I interferon receptor
2. Cell source
   • All cells
3. Cell target
   • All cells
4. Biologic activity
   • Promotes antiviral activity
   • Stimulates T cell, macrophage, and NK cell activity
   • Direct antitumor effects
   • Upregulates MHC class I antigen expression
   • Used therapeutically in viral and autoimmune conditions

IFN-β

1. Receptor
   • Type I interferon receptor
2. Cell source
   • All cells
3. Cell target
   • All cells
4. Biologic activity
   • Antiviral activity
   • Stimulates T cell, macrophage, and NK cell activity
   • Direct antitumor effects
   • Upregulates MHC class I antigen expression
   • Used therapeutically in viral and autoimmune conditions

IFN-γ

1. Receptor
   • Type II interferon receptor
2. Cell source
   • T cells
   • NK cells
3. Cell target
   • All cells
4. Biologic activity
   • Regulates macrophage and NK cell activations
   • Stimulates immunoglobulin secretion by B cells
   • Induction of class II histocompatibility antigens
   • Th1 cell differentiation

TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor)

1. Receptor
   • TNFrI
   • TNFrII
2. Cell source
   • Monocytes/macrophages
   • Mast cells
   • Basophils
   • Eosinophils
   • NK cells
   • B cells
   • T cells
   • Keratinocytes
   • Fibroblasts
   • Thymic epithelial cells
3. Cell target
   • All cells except erythrocytes
4. Biologic activity
   • Fever
   • Anorexia
   • Shock capillary leak syndrome
   • Enhances leukocyte cytotoxicity
   • Enhances NK cell function
   • Acute phase protein synthesis
   • Proinflammatory cytokine induction

TNF-β (LT-α, lymphotoxin)

1. Receptor
   • TNFrI
   • TNFrII
2. Cell source
   • T cells
   • B cells
3. Cell target
   • All cells except erythrocytes
4. Biologic activity
   • Cell toxicity
   • Spleen and lymph node development

LT-β (lymphotoxin)

1. Receptor
   • LTβr
2. Cell source
   • T cells
3. Cell target
   • All cells except erythrocytes
4. Biologic activity
   • Cell toxicity
   • Normal lymph node development

G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor)

1. Receptor
   • G-CSFr
   • GP130
2. Cell source
   • Monocytes/macrophages
   • Fibroblasts
   • Endothelium
   • Thymic epithelial cells
   • Stromal cells
3. Cell target
   • Myeloid cells
   • Endothelial cells
4. Biologic activity
   • Regulates myelopoiesis
   • Enhances survival and function of neutrophils
   • Clinical use in reversing neutropenia after cytotoxic chemotherapy

GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor)

1. Receptor
   • GM-CSFr
   • Common β chain receptor
2. Cell source
   • T cells
   • Monocytes/macrophages
   • Fibroblasts
   • Endothelial cells
   • Thymic epithelial cells
3. Cell target
   • Monocytes/macrophages
   • Neutrophils
   • Eosinophils
   • Fibroblasts
   • Endothelial cells
4. Biologic activity
   • Regulates myelopoiesis
   • Enhances macrophage bactericidal and tumoricidal activity
   • Mediator of dendritic cell maturation and function
   • Upregulates NK cell function
   • Clinical use in reversing neutropenia after cytotoxic chemotherapy

M-CSF (macrophage colony- stimulating factor)

1. Receptor
   • M-CSFr (c-fms protooncogene)
2. Cell source
   • Fibroblasts
   • Endothelial cells
   • Monocytes/macrophages
   • T cells
   • B cells
   • Epithelial cells including thymic epithelium
3. Cell target
   • Monocytes/macrophages
4. Biologic activity
   • Regulates monocyte/macrophage production and function

LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor)

1. Receptor
   • LIFr
   • GP130
2. Cell source
   • Activated T cells
   • Bone marrow stromal cells
   • Thymic epithelium
3. Cell target
   • Megakaryocytes
   • Monocytes
   • Hepatocytes
   • Possibly lymphocyte subpopulations
4. Biologic activity
   • Induces hepatic acute phase protein production
   • Stimulates macrophage differentiation
   • Promotes growth of myeloma cells and hematopoietic progenitors
   • Stimulates thrombopoiesis

OSM (oncostatin M)

1. Receptor
   • OSMr
   • LIFr
   • GP130
2. Cell source
   • Activated monocytes/macrophages
   • Activated T cells
   • Bone marrow stromal cells
   • Some breast carcinoma cell lines
   • Myeloma cells
3. Cell target
   • Neurons
   • Hepatocytes
   • Monocytes/macrophages
   • Adipocytes
   • Alveolar epithelial cells
   • Embryonic stem cells
   • Melanocytes
   • Endothelial cells
   • Fibroblasts
   • Myeloma cells
4. Biologic activity
   • Induces hepatic acute phase protein production
   • Stimulates macrophage differentiation
   • Promotes growth of myeloma cells and hematopoietic progenitors
   • Stimulates thrombopoiesis
   • Stimulates growth of Kaposi’s sarcoma cells

SCF (stem cell factor)

1. Receptor
   • SCFr (c-kit protooncogene)
2. Cell source
   • Bone marrow stromal cells
   • Fibroblasts
3. Cell target
   • Embryonic stem cells
   • Myeloid and lymphoid precursors
   • Mast cells
4. Biologic activity
   • Stimulates hematopoietic progenitor cell growth
   • Mast cell growth
   • Promotes embryonic stem cell migration

TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor)
(3 isoforms)

1. Receptor
   • Type I, II, III TGF-β receptor
2. Cell source
   • Most cell types
3. Cell target
   • Most cell types
4. Biologic activity
   • Downregulates T cell, macrophage, and granulocyte responses
   • Stimulates synthesis of matrix proteins
   • Stimulates angiogenesis

Lymphotactin/SCM-1 (single C motif)

1. Receptor
   • Unknown
2. Cell source
   • NK cells
   • Mast cells
   • Double negative thymocytes
   • Activated CD8⁺ T cells
3. Cell target
   • T cells
   • NK cells
4. Biologic activity
   • Chemoattractant for lymphocytes
   • Only known chemokine of C class