細胞激素及其受器(介白素)
Cytokines and its Receptors (Interleukins)

 

IL-1α,β

  1. Receptor
    • Type I and II IL-1r
  2. Cell source
    • Monocytes/macrophages
    • B cells
    • Fibroblasts
    • Most epithelial cells including thymic epithelium
    • Endothelial cells
  3. Cell target
    • All cells
  4. Biologic activity
    • Upregulates adhesion molecule expression
    • Neutrophil and macrophage emigration
    • Mimics shock
    • Fever
    • Upregulates hepatic acute-phase protein production
    • Facilitates hematopoiesis

 

IL-2

  1. Receptor
    • IL-2r α,β
    • Common cytokine receptor γ-chain (γc) family
  2. Cell source
    • T cells
  3. Cell target
    • T cells
    • B cells
    • NK cells
    • Monocytes/macrophages
  4. Biologic activity
    • Promotes T cell activation and proliferation
    • B cell growth
    • NK cell proliferation and activation
    • Enhanced monocyte/macrophage cytolytic activity

 

IL-3

  1. Receptor
    • IL-3r
    • Common β chain receptor
  2. Cell source
    • T cells
    • NK cells
    • Mast cells
  3. Cell target
    • Monocytes/macrophages
    • Mast cells
    • Eosinophils
    • Bone marrow progenitors
  4. Biologic activity
    • Stimulates hematopoietic progenitors

 

IL-4

  1. Receptor
    • IL-4r α
    • Common cytokine receptor γ-chain (γc) family
  2. Cell source
    • T cells
    • Mast cells
    • Basophils
  3. Cell target
    • T cells
    • B cells
    • NK cells
    • Monocytes/macrophages
    • Neutrophils
    • Eosinophils
    • Endothelial cells
    • Fibroblasts
  4. Biologic activity
    • Stimulate Th2 differentiation and proliferation
    • Stimulates B cell Ig class switch to IgG1 and IgE anti-inflammatory action on T cells
    • Inhibits the activation of monocyte to macrophage

 

IL-5

  1. Receptor
    • IL-5r α
    • Common cytokine receptor γ-chain (γc) family
  2. Cell source
    • T cells
    • Mast cells
    • Eosinophils
  3. Cell target
    • Eosinophils
    • Basophils
    • Murine B cells
  4. Biologic activity
    • Regulates eosinophil migration and activation

 

IL-6

  1. Receptor
    • IL-6r
    • GP130
  2. Cell source
    • Monocytes/macrophages
    • B cells
    • Fibroblasts
    • Most epithelium including thymic epithelium
    • Endothelial cells
  3. Cell target
    • T cells
    • B cells
    • Epithelial cells
    • Hepatocytes
    • Monocytes/macrophages
  4. Biologic activity
    • Induces acute-phase protein production
    • T and B cells differentiation and growth
    • Myeloma cell growth
    • Osteoclast growth and activation

 

IL-7

  1. Receptor
    • IL-7r α
    • Common cytokine receptor γ-chain (γc) family
  2. Cell source
    • Bone marrow
    • Thymic epithelial cells
  3. Cell target
    • T cells
    • B cells
    • Bone marrow cells
  4. Biologic activity
    • Differentiates B, T, and NK cells precursors
    • Activates T and NK cells

 

IL-8

  1. Receptor
    • CXCR1
    • CXCR2
  2. Cell source
    • Monocytes/macrophages
    • T cells
    • Neutrophils
    • Fibroblasts
    • Endothelial cells
    • Epithelial cells
  3. Cell target
    • Neutrophils
    • T cells
    • Monocytes/macrophages
    • Endothelial cells
    • Basophils
  4. Biologic activity
    • Induces neutrophil, monocyte, and T cell migration
    • Induces neutrophil adherence to endothelial cells and histamine release from basophils
    • Stimulates angiogenesis
    • Suppresses proliferation of hepatic precursors

 

IL-9 α

  1. Receptor
    • IL-9r α
    • Common cytokine receptor γ-chain (γc) family
  2. Cell source
    • T cells
  3. Cell target
    • Bone marrow progenitors
    • B cells
    • T cells
    • Mast cells
  4. Biologic activity
    • Induces mast cell proliferation and function
    • Synergizes with IL-4 in IgG and IgE production
    • T cell growth, activation, and differentiation

 

IL-10

  1. Receptor
    • IL-10r
  2. Cell source
    • Monocytes/macrophages
    • T cells
    • B cells
    • Keratinocytes
    • Mast cells
  3. Cell target
    • Monocytes/macrophages
    • T cells
    • B cells
    • NK cells
    • Mast cells
  4. Biologic activity
    • Inhibits macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production
    • Downregulates cytokine class II antigen and B7-1 and B7-2 expression
    • Inhibits differentiation of Th1
    • Inhibits NK cell function
    • Stimulates mast cell proliferation and function
    • B cell activation and differentiation

 

IL-11

  1. Receptor
    • IL-11r
    • GP130
  2. Cell source
    • Bone marrow stromal cells
  3. Cell target
    • Megakaryocytes
    • B cells
    • Hepatocytes
  4. Biologic activity
    • Induces megakaryocyte colony formation and maturation
    • Enhances antibody responses
    • Stimulates acute-phase protein production

 

IL-12 (35-kD and 40-kD subunits)

  1. Receptor
    • IL-12r
  2. Cell source
    • Activated macrophages
    • Dendritic cells
    • Neutrophils
  3. Cell target
    • T cells
    • NK cells
  4. Biologic activity
    • Induces Th1 formation and lymphokine-activated killer cell formation
    • Increases CD8+ cytotoxic T cell activity
    • IL-17↓、IFN-γ↑

 

IL-13

  1. Receptor
    • IL-13/IL-14r
  2. Cell source
    • T cells (Th2)
  3. Cell target
    • Monocytes/macrophages
    • B cells
    • Endothelial cells
    • Keratinocytes
  4. Biologic activity
    • Upregulates VCAM-1 and C-C chemokine expression on endothelial cells
    • B cell activation and differentiation
    • Inhibits macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production

 

IL-14

  1. Receptor
    • Unknown
  2. Cell source
    • T cells
  3. Cell target
    • Normal and malignant B cells
  4. Biologic activity
    • Induces B cell proliferation

 

IL-15

  1. Receptor
    • IL-15r α
    • Common cytokine receptor γ-chain (γc) family
    • IL-2r β
  2. Cell source
    • Monocytes/macrophages
    • Epithelial cells
    • Fibroblasts
  3. Cell target
    • T cells
    • NK cells
  4. Biologic activity
    • Promotes T cell activation and proliferation
    • Angiogenesis
    • NK cell activation

 

IL-16

  1. Receptor
    • CD4
  2. Cell source
    • Mast cells
    • Eosinophils
    • CD8+ T cells
    • Respiratory endothelium
  3. Cell target
    • CD4+ T cells
    • Monocytes/macrophages
    • Eosinophils
  4. Biologic activity
    • Promotes chemoattraction of CD4+ T cells, monocytes, and eosinophils
    • Inhibits HIV replication
    • Inhibits T cell activation through CD3/T cell receptor

 

IL-17

  1. Receptor
    • IL-17r
  2. Cell source
    • CD4+ T cells
  3. Cell target
    • Fibroblasts
    • Endothelium
    • Epithelium
  4. Biologic activity
    • Enhances cytokine secretion

 

IL-18

  1. Receptor
    • IL-18r (IL-1r-related protein)
  2. Cell source
    • Keratinocytes
    • Macrophages
  3. Cell target
    • T cells
    • B cells
    • NK cells
  4. Biologic activity
    • Upregulate IFN-γ production
    • Enhances NK cell cytotoxicity

 

IL-21

  1. Receptor
    • IL-21r
  2. Cell source
    • CD4+ T cells
  3. Cell target
    • NK cells
  4. Biologic activity
    • Downregulates NK cell-activating molecules (NKG2D/DAP10)

 

IL-23

  1. Receptor
    • IL-12Rb1
    • IL-23r
  2. Cell source
    • Macrophages
  3. Cell target
    • T cells
  4. Biologic activity
    • Opposite effects of IL-12
    • IL-17↑、IFN-γ↑

 

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