~Teachingcenter的醫學筆記~

病理科小筆記

細胞適應、生長、分化

Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia

= Metaplasia:
---Vit A deficiency: columnar cell → squamous cell
---Barrett’s esophagus: squamous cell →columnar cell
---Intestinal metaplasia: antral cell → intestinal cell
---Smoking: bronchial columnar cell → squamous cell
---HPV infection in cervix: columnar cell → squamous cell

= Dysplasia:
---N/C ratio↑、mitosis↑
---Pleomorphism, loss of polarity
---Hyperchromatism, nuclear membrane irregularity

鉛中毒Lead poisoning

=紅血球
---Microcytic, hypochromic
---Mild hemolysis
---Basophilic stippling (rRNA accumulation)
---Ringed sideroblast (ferrochelatase defect)

=神經系統
---Adult PNS: begin from most commonly used motor neurons, wrist drop and foot drop
---Child CNS: more GI absorption, more permeable blood-brain-barrier (BBB)

=骨骼
---成為骨骼礦物的一部份，半衰期：20~30年

輻射線(Ionizing Radiation)對組織的影響

顆粒球缺乏症granulocytopenia、淋巴球缺乏症lymphopenia、白血球缺乏症leukopenia、
共濟失調ataxia

高血壓病變

= Arteries
--- Benign: intimal thickening or fibroelastic hyperplasia
--- Malignant: hyperplastic arteriolitis (onionskinning)

= Arterioles
--- Benign: hyaline arteriolosclerosis
--- Malignant: fibrinoid necrosis, necrotizing arteriolitis

= Glomerulus
--- Benign: collapse, ischemic obsolescence, or sclerosis
--- Malignant: necrotizing glomerulitis

Germ cell neoplastic transformation

Mature
= Benign: mature cystic teratoma, struma ovarii
= Malignant: squamous carcinoma, carcinoid, thyroid carcinoma

Embryonal (multipotential)
= Undifferentiated: dysgerminoma
= Primitive: embryonal carcinoma
= Extraembryonic: yolk sac carcinoma
= Somatic: immature teratoma
= Trophoblast: choriocarcinoma