~Teachingcenter的醫學筆記~

LA enlargement → PA constriction → PA hypertension → CNS stimulation → accessary nerve → shortness of breath

Mitral valve stenosis → bradycardia, S1 loud, PR interval shortening

MR → S1 sound small

Carney's triad → Carney triad (CT) is characterized by the coexistence of three types of neoplasms, mainly in young women, including gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor, pulmonary chondroma, and extra-adrenal paraganglioma.

目前已知只有三個beta-blocker對heart failure的病人有好處：
1. Carvedilol (non-beta-selective + mild alpha-blocker)
2. Metoprolol and Bisoprolol (beta-1-selective blocker)

其他如Propranolol等沒有evidence支持有用

若heart failure合併腎臟超爛，ACEi用不下去的病患，可以使用Isosorbide + Hydralazine

Stable CAD + new Af → 可考慮單吃anti-coagulant

Af若有症狀，多半是new onset或是RVR

針對突發性心跳停止的病人，使用治療性低溫療法，最佳的適應症為Vf or pulseless VT + no consciousness