接下來看看發燒、血糖、皮膚癢

發燒Fever
= 值班時遇到發燒不難處理,最難的就是不知道要怎麼讓大家去讀書…FUO很簡單也很不簡單,可以先參考:不明熱 Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)
http://teachingcenter1.pixnet.net/blog/post/352657529 (1)
http://teachingcenter1.pixnet.net/blog/post/352684238 (2)
http://teachingcenter1.pixnet.net/blog/post/352712312 (3)
http://teachingcenter1.pixnet.net/blog/post/352714538 (4)

= 生命徵象(vital signs)最重要,發燒常會伴隨心跳快、血壓高,需要注意脫水
= 建議檢驗、檢查:(若沒有2天內數據) CBC/DCCRPBUN/Cr、血液培養兩套、U/AU/CCXR、若有痰液則做痰液培養和抹片
= 發燒最常見為感染,尋找可能感染源時,注意病人以下表現或主訴
-- Pneumoniacough (尤其productive cough,聽診不可省)
-- UTI
dysuriahematuriaanuria
-- GI infection
abdominal paindiarrheavomitingrebounding tenderness
--
其他:身上的管路、傷口、鼻竇炎、中耳炎等
= 給予經驗性抗生素,可以參考:
小整理:http://teachingcenter1.pixnet.net/blog/post/286723654
總表:http://teachingcenter1.pixnet.net/blog/post/355779083
=
有些抗生素要先算Estimated Ccr: [ (140-age)xBW ] / [creatinine x 72]
--
至於哪些要算,可以參考http://teachingcenter1.pixnet.net/blog/post/350179040
--
可以對付Pseudomonas的抗生素需熟記,高危險群為使用呼吸器、安養之家、長期住院、糖尿病老人,懷疑了就直接上(但病歷請註明清楚…)Fortum (ceftazidime) Maxipime (cefepime) Cefrom (Cefpirome) Tazocin (piperacillin/tazobactam) Timentin (ticarcillin/clavulanate) Azactam (aztreonem) Tienem (imipenem) Mepem (meropenem) Amikin (amikacin) Gentamicin Tobramycin Exacin (isepamycin) Cipro (ciprofloxacin)
= 退燒部分可以參考:
http://teachingcenter1.pixnet.net/blog/post/352714538
http://teachingcenter1.pixnet.net/blog/post/351918359
=
有腹部症狀的病人,可以考慮安排腹部超音波或斷層掃描
= 當有頭部、神經學症狀時,須注意腦膜炎的可能→brain CT and lumbar puncture!
=
感染以外其他可能很可怕的發燒:(術後的)甲狀腺風暴、熱衰竭等

 

血糖Blood sugar
= RI 1U SC約降 sugar 20~40RI 1U IV約降 sugar 30~50
= 血糖機顯示過高(show high),需要進一步確認:抽血的血糖值、血液滲透壓(osmolality)BUN/CrNaKClKetoneVBGconsciousHHS or DKA
= 若血糖顯示低於60或是有低血糖的症狀,可以給與D50W 2amp IV ST,然後D5W or D10W 1BT IVD,並於1~2小時候再次確認血糖值
D50W這種高濃度的糖水,對周邊靜脈是一種傷害,如果沒有到低於60或沒有明顯的症狀,儘量以口服D50W取代IV ST這種醫囑
= 不論血糖過高或過低,都需要重新檢視RI/NPHOHA dose
重症、感染住院的病人,一般會建議先把所有OHA拿掉,先用RI做處置,疾病治療有改善後,再慢慢換回OHA
= HHS (estimated osmolality (2*Na + glucose/18 + BUN/1.8)>320
usually glucose >600)
= DKA (acidosis
ketone (+)) (anion gap = Na-Cl-HCO3)usually one touch only 200-300
= 不論是DKA還是HHS,都先On 2 lines
-- Line 1: N/S 1000ml IVD ST then run 50-100ml/hr (最好有CVP guide fluid status)
-- Line 2: RI 10U IV bolus ST
then RI 100U in N/S 500ml run BW ml/hr with titration
-- One touch Q2H
Na/K/Cl/VBG Q4~6H until anion gap close (Na-Cl-HCO3 ~10-12)(不必follow ketone!)
-- Record U/O
-- If one touch <250
hold RI and give 2.5% G/Sstart diet
-- Treat underlying caus

 

皮膚癢等其他表皮問題Itchy skin and others
= 臉部的皮膚癢萬非得以,不建議在皮膚科的指示以外隨便開藥膏使用,不然毛孔塞住後,變成一堆青春痘要處理...
= 濕疹:Cort S (Hydrocortisone Acetate) 1tube for local useRinderone (Betamethasome + Fradiomycin) 1 tube for local use
= Allegra 1# bid for itching
= Wound
Tetracycline 1tube for local use
=
紅屁股:ZnO 1tube for local useShielin powder for local use
=
嘴巴破:Kenalog 1tube (Steroid)Mundisal (NSAID)Salcoat spray (stronger steroid) for oral use
=
關節痛:Inteban 1tube for topical use
=
癢:mephencala (calamine lotion) 粉紅涼涼藥水、Ichderm (TCA)CB strong (key CB)(含薄荷)

 

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